The last president who refused to attend his successor’s inauguration was Andrew Johnson
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Johnson is rightfully remembered as one of the worst presidents in the history of the United States for failing to secure the union after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson was a revanchist and a racist who never should have been president in the first place and was impeached before the end of his one and only term (his party, showing a degree of wisdom lacking today, refused to nominate him for re-election).
The similarities to Trump don’t there:
As his successor was about to be sworn in, Johnson stayed in the White House signing bills and, as some newspapers reported, “pardoning criminals.” At noon, he stood up and shook hands with his Cabinet members. As he headed out the door for the last time, he said, “I fancy I can already smell the sweet mountain air of Tennessee.”
Johnson backers supported the snub. “Whatever Andy Johnson was called — and that was pretty nearly everything — ‘hypocrite’ was not one of his names,” one New York newspaper wrote.
Other papers, however, quoted a “Democratic contemporary” who lamented that Johnson’s final act typified the actions of the impeached, one-term president.
“When his own personality rose to a conspicuous height, it almost invariably suffered from the impetuous disregard of surrounding circumstances; when he remembered only himself and became excited with a sense of wrong, he almost invariably forgot the dignity of his station.”